You are given an array prices where prices[i] is the price of a given stock on the ith day.
Find the maximum profit you can achieve. You may complete at most two transactions.
Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions simultaneously (i.e., you must sell the stock before you buy again).
Example 1:
Input: prices = [3,3,5,0,0,3,1,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: Buy on day 4 (price = 0) and sell on day 6 (price = 3), profit = 3-0 = 3.
Then buy on day 7 (price = 1) and sell on day 8 (price = 4), profit = 4-1 = 3.
Example 2:
Input: prices = [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: 4
Explanation: Buy on day 1 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 5), profit = 5-1 = 4.
Note that you cannot buy on day 1, buy on day 2 and sell them later, as you are engaging multiple transactions at the same time. You must sell before buying again.
Example 3:
Input: prices = [7,6,4,3,1]
Output: 0
Explanation: In this case, no transaction is done, i.e. max profit = 0.
Constraints:
1 <= prices.length <= 105
0 <= prices[i] <= 105
Solution:
k = 2 和前面题目的情况稍微不同,因为上面的情况都和 k 的关系不太大。要么 k 是正无穷,状态转移和 k 没关系了;要么 k = 1,跟 k = 0 这个 base case 挨得近,最后也没有存在感。
这道题 k = 2 和后面要讲的 k 是任意正整数的情况中,对 k 的处理就凸显出来了。我们直接写代码,边写边分析原因。