Design a simplified version of Twitter where users can post tweets, follow/unfollow another user, and is able to see the 10 most recent tweets in the user's news feed.
Implement the Twitter class:
Twitter() Initializes your twitter object.
void postTweet(int userId, int tweetId) Composes a new tweet with ID tweetId by the user userId. Each call to this function will be made with a unique tweetId.
List<Integer> getNewsFeed(int userId) Retrieves the 10 most recent tweet IDs in the user's news feed. Each item in the news feed must be posted by users who the user followed or by the user themself. Tweets must be ordered from most recent to least recent.
void follow(int followerId, int followeeId) The user with ID followerId started following the user with ID followeeId.
void unfollow(int followerId, int followeeId) The user with ID followerId started unfollowing the user with ID followeeId.
Example 1:
Input
["Twitter", "postTweet", "getNewsFeed", "follow", "postTweet", "getNewsFeed", "unfollow", "getNewsFeed"]
[[], [1, 5], [1], [1, 2], [2, 6], [1], [1, 2], [1]]
Output
[null, null, [5], null, null, [6, 5], null, [5]]
Explanation
Twitter twitter = new Twitter();
twitter.postTweet(1, 5); // User 1 posts a new tweet (id = 5).
twitter.getNewsFeed(1); // User 1's news feed should return a list with 1 tweet id -> [5]. return [5]
twitter.follow(1, 2); // User 1 follows user 2.
twitter.postTweet(2, 6); // User 2 posts a new tweet (id = 6).
twitter.getNewsFeed(1); // User 1's news feed should return a list with 2 tweet ids -> [6, 5]. Tweet id 6 should precede tweet id 5 because it is posted after tweet id 5.
twitter.unfollow(1, 2); // User 1 unfollows user 2.
twitter.getNewsFeed(1); // User 1's news feed should return a list with 1 tweet id -> [5], since user 1 is no longer following user 2.
Constraints:
1 <= userId, followerId, followeeId <= 500
0 <= tweetId <= 104
All the tweets have unique IDs.
At most 3 * 104 calls will be made to postTweet, getNewsFeed, follow, and unfollow.
这几个 API 中大部分都很好实现,最核心的功能难点应该是 getNewsFeed,因为返回的结果必须在时间上有序,但问题是用户的关注是动态变化的,怎么办?
这里就涉及到算法了:如果我们把每个用户各自的推文存储在链表里,每个链表节点存储文章 id 和一个时间戳 time(记录发帖时间以便比较),而且这个链表是按 time 有序的,那么如果某个用户关注了 k 个用户,我们就可以用合并 k 个有序链表的算法合并出有序的推文列表,正确地 getNewsFeed 了!
具体的算法等会讲解。不过,就算我们掌握了算法,应该如何编程表示用户 user 和推文动态 tweet 才能把算法流畅地用出来呢?这就涉及简单的面向对象设计了,下面我们来由浅入深,一步一步进行设计。
二、面向对象设计
根据刚才的分析,我们需要一个 User 类,储存 user 信息,还需要一个 Tweet 类,储存推文信息,并且要作为链表的节点。所以我们先搭建一下整体的框架: