785. Is Graph Bipartite? (M)
https://leetcode.com/problems/is-graph-bipartite/
Last updated
https://leetcode.com/problems/is-graph-bipartite/
Last updated
There is an undirected graph with n
nodes, where each node is numbered between 0
and n - 1
. You are given a 2D array graph
, where graph[u]
is an array of nodes that node u
is adjacent to. More formally, for each v
in graph[u]
, there is an undirected edge between node u
and node v
. The graph has the following properties:
There are no self-edges (graph[u]
does not contain u
).
There are no parallel edges (graph[u]
does not contain duplicate values).
If v
is in graph[u]
, then u
is in graph[v]
(the graph is undirected).
The graph may not be connected, meaning there may be two nodes u
and v
such that there is no path between them.
A graph is bipartite if the nodes can be partitioned into two independent sets A
and B
such that every edge in the graph connects a node in set A
and a node in set B
.
Return true
if and only if it is bipartite.
Example 1:
Example 2:
Constraints:
graph.length == n
1 <= n <= 100
0 <= graph[u].length < n
0 <= graph[u][i] <= n - 1
graph[u]
does not contain u
.
All the values of graph[u]
are unique.
If graph[u]
contains v
, then graph[v]
contains u
.
比如题目给的例子,输入的邻接表 graph = [[1,2,3],[0,2],[0,1,3],[0,2]]
,也就是这样一幅图:
显然无法对节点着色使得每两个相邻节点的颜色都不相同,所以算法返回 false。
但如果输入 graph = [[1,3],[0,2],[1,3],[0,2]]
,也就是这样一幅图:
如果把节点 {0, 2}
涂一个颜色,节点 {1, 3}
涂另一个颜色,就可以解决「双色问题」,所以这是一幅二分图,算法返回 true。
结合之前的代码框架,我们可以额外使用一个 color
数组来记录每个节点的颜色,从而写出解法代码:
这就是解决「双色问题」的代码,如果能成功对整幅图染色,则说明这是一幅二分图,否则就不是二分图。
接下来看一下 BFS 算法的逻辑:
核心逻辑和刚才实现的 traverse
函数(DFS 算法)完全一样,也是根据相邻节点 v
和 w
的颜色来进行判断的。关于 BFS 算法框架的探讨,详见前文 BFS 算法框架 和 Dijkstra 算法模板,这里就不展开了。