785. Is Graph Bipartite? (M)
https://leetcode.com/problems/is-graph-bipartite/
There is an undirected graph with n nodes, where each node is numbered between 0 and n - 1. You are given a 2D array graph, where graph[u] is an array of nodes that node u is adjacent to. More formally, for each v in graph[u], there is an undirected edge between node u and node v. The graph has the following properties:
There are no self-edges (
graph[u]does not containu).There are no parallel edges (
graph[u]does not contain duplicate values).If
vis ingraph[u], thenuis ingraph[v](the graph is undirected).The graph may not be connected, meaning there may be two nodes
uandvsuch that there is no path between them.
A graph is bipartite if the nodes can be partitioned into two independent sets A and B such that every edge in the graph connects a node in set A and a node in set B.
Return true if and only if it is bipartite.
Example 1:

Input: graph = [[1,2,3],[0,2],[0,1,3],[0,2]]
Output: false
Explanation: There is no way to partition the nodes into two independent sets such that every edge connects a node in one and a node in the other.Example 2:

Input: graph = [[1,3],[0,2],[1,3],[0,2]]
Output: true
Explanation: We can partition the nodes into two sets: {0, 2} and {1, 3}.
Constraints:
graph.length == n1 <= n <= 1000 <= graph[u].length < n0 <= graph[u][i] <= n - 1graph[u]does not containu.All the values of
graph[u]are unique.If
graph[u]containsv, thengraph[v]containsu.
Solution:
比如题目给的例子,输入的邻接表 graph = [[1,2,3],[0,2],[0,1,3],[0,2]],也就是这样一幅图:
显然无法对节点着色使得每两个相邻节点的颜色都不相同,所以算法返回 false。
但如果输入 graph = [[1,3],[0,2],[1,3],[0,2]],也就是这样一幅图:
如果把节点 {0, 2} 涂一个颜色,节点 {1, 3} 涂另一个颜色,就可以解决「双色问题」,所以这是一幅二分图,算法返回 true。
结合之前的代码框架,我们可以额外使用一个 color 数组来记录每个节点的颜色,从而写出解法代码:
这就是解决「双色问题」的代码,如果能成功对整幅图染色,则说明这是一幅二分图,否则就不是二分图。
接下来看一下 BFS 算法的逻辑:
核心逻辑和刚才实现的 traverse 函数(DFS 算法)完全一样,也是根据相邻节点 v 和 w 的颜色来进行判断的。关于 BFS 算法框架的探讨,详见前文 BFS 算法框架 和 Dijkstra 算法模板,这里就不展开了。
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