54. Spiral Matrix (M)

Given an m x n matrix, return all elements of the matrix in spiral order.

Example 1:

Input: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
Output: [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]

Example 2:

Input: matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
Output: [1,2,3,4,8,12,11,10,9,5,6,7]

Constraints:

• m == matrix.length

• n == matrix[i].length

• 1 <= m, n <= 10

• -100 <= matrix[i][j] <= 100

Solution:

解题的核心思路是按照右、下、左、上的顺序遍历数组，并使用四个变量圈定未遍历元素的边界：

随着螺旋遍历，相应的边界会收缩，直到螺旋遍历完整个数组：

只要有了这个思路，翻译出代码就很容易了：

List<Integer> spiralOrder(int[][] matrix) {
    int m = matrix.length, n = matrix[0].length;
    int upper_bound = 0, lower_bound = m - 1;
    int left_bound = 0, right_bound = n - 1;
    List<Integer> res = new LinkedList<>();
    // res.size() == m * n 则遍历完整个数组
    while (res.size() < m * n) {
        if (upper_bound <= lower_bound) {
            // 在顶部从左向右遍历
            for (int j = left_bound; j <= right_bound; j++) {
                res.add(matrix[upper_bound][j]);
            }
            // 上边界下移
            upper_bound++;
        }
        
        if (left_bound <= right_bound) {
            // 在右侧从上向下遍历
            for (int i = upper_bound; i <= lower_bound; i++) {
                res.add(matrix[i][right_bound]);
            }
            // 右边界左移
            right_bound--;
        }
        
        if (upper_bound <= lower_bound) {
            // 在底部从右向左遍历
            for (int j = right_bound; j >= left_bound; j--) {
                res.add(matrix[lower_bound][j]);
            }
            // 下边界上移
            lower_bound--;
        }
        
        if (left_bound <= right_bound) {
            // 在左侧从下向上遍历
            for (int i = lower_bound; i >= upper_bound; i--) {
                res.add(matrix[i][left_bound]);
            }
            // 左边界右移
            left_bound++;
        }
    }
    return res;
}