Nine Chapter
  • Introduction
    • Summary
  • 1.Binary Search
    • Introduction
    • 458.Last position of target
    • 600.Smallest Rectangle Enclosing Black Pixels
    • 585.Maximum Number in Mountain Sequence
    • 183.Wood Cut
    • 62.Search in Rotated Sorted Array
    • 63.Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
    • 159.Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
    • 160.Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II
    • 75.Find Peak Element
    • 60.Search Insert Position
    • 28.Search a 2D Matrix
    • 240. Search a 2D Matrix II
    • 14.First Position of Target
    • 74.First Bad Version
    • 875. Koko Eating Bananas
    • 1011. Capacity To Ship Packages Within D Days (M)
    • 410. Split Array Largest Sum (H)
    • 475. Heaters (M)
    • 1044. Longest Duplicate Substring (H)
  • 2.Binary Tree
    • Summary
      • 二叉树八股文:递归改迭代
      • BST
      • Frame
    • 66.Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
    • 67.🌟Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
    • 145. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal (E)
    • 98.Validate Binary Search Tree(M)
    • 85.Insert Node in a Binary Search Tree
    • 104. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree(E)
    • 235. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree (E)
    • 236.Lowest Common Ancestor of Binary Tree(M)
    • 578.Lowest Common Ancestor III
    • 1120.Subtree with Maximum Average
    • 596.Minimum Subtree
    • 480.Binary Tree Paths
    • 453.Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List
    • 110.Balanced Binary Tree
    • 376.Binary Tree Path Sum
    • 246.Binary Tree Path Sum II
    • 475.Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum II
    • 124.Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum (H)
    • Path Sum (*)
      • 112. Path Sum
      • 113. Path Sum II
      • 437. Path Sum III
    • 177.Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree With Minimal Height
    • 7.Binary Tree Serialization
    • 72,73.Construct Binary Tree
    • Binary Search Tree Path
    • 245.Subtree
    • 469.Identical Binary Tree
    • 87.Remove Node in Binary Search Tree
    • 116.Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node (M)
    • 114. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List(M)
    • 654.Maximum Binary Tree (M)
    • 105. 🌟Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal (M)
    • 106. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal (M)
    • 652. Find Duplicate Subtrees(M)
    • 230. Kth Smallest Element in a BST (M)
    • 538&1038. Convert BST to Greater Tree
    • 450. Delete Node in a BST (M)
    • 701. Insert into a Binary Search Tree (M)
    • 96. Unique Binary Search Trees
    • 95. Unique Binary Search Trees II (M)
    • 1373. Maximum Sum BST in Binary Tree (H)
    • 297. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree (H)
    • 222. Count Complete Tree Nodes (M)
    • 1120. Maximum Average Subtree
    • 341. Flatten Nested List Iterator
    • 333. Largest BST Subtree (M)
    • 543. Diameter of Binary Tree
    • Binary Tree Longest Consecutive Sequence(*)
      • 298.Binary Tree Longest Consecutive Sequence
      • 549. Binary Tree Longest Consecutive Sequence II (M)
  • 3.Breadth First Search
    • Introduction
      • BFS 算法解题套路框架
      • 双向 BFS 优化
    • 102.Binary Tree Level Order Traversal (M)
    • 103. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal (M)
    • 107.Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II(M)
    • 618.Search Graph Nodes
    • 207.Course Schedule (M)
    • 210.Course Schedule II (M)
    • 611.Knight Shortest Path
    • 598.Zombie in Matrix
    • 133.Clone Graph (M)
    • 178.Graph Valid Tree
    • 7.Binary Tree Serialization
    • 574.Build Post Office
    • 573.Build Post Office II
    • 127.Topological Sorting
    • 127.Word Ladder
    • 126. Word Ladder II
    • (LeetCode)515.Find Largest Value in Each Tree Row
    • 111. Minimum Depth of Binary Tree (E)
    • 752. Open the Lock
    • 542. 01 Matrix (M)
    • 1306. Jump Game III (M)
  • 4.Depth First Search+BackTracking
    • Summary
      • FloodFill 算法
    • 136.Palindrome Partitioning
    • 39.Combination Sum
    • 40.Combination Sum II
    • 377. Combination Sum IV
    • 77.Combinations (M)
    • 78.Subsets (M)
    • 90.Subsets II (M)
    • 46.🌟Permutations
    • 47.Permutations II
    • 582.Word Break II
    • 490.The Maze (M)
    • 51.N-Queens (H)
    • 52. N-Queens II (H)
    • 698. Partition to K Equal Sum Subsets (M)
    • 22. Generate Parentheses (M)
    • 岛屿问题
      • 200.Number of Islands (M)
      • 1254. Number of Closed Islands (M)
      • 1020. Number of Enclaves (M)
      • 695. Max Area of Island (M)
      • 1905. Count Sub Islands (M)
      • 694. Number of Distinct Islands
    • 131. Palindrome Partitioning (M)
    • 967. Numbers With Same Consecutive Differences (M)
    • 79. Word Search (M)
    • 212. Word Search II (M)
    • 472. Concatenated Words (H)
    • Page 2
    • 291. Word Pattern II
    • 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number (M)
  • 5.LinkedList
    • Summary
      • 单链表的倒数第 k 个节点
      • Merge two/k sorted LinkedList
      • Middle of the Linked List
      • 判断链表是否包含环
      • 两个链表是否相交 Intersection of Two Linked Lists
      • 递归反转链表
      • 如何判断回文链表
    • 599.Insert into a Cyclic Sorted List
    • 21.Merge Two Sorted Lists (E)
    • 23.Merge k Sorted Lists (H)
    • 105.Copy List with Random Pointer
    • 141.Linked List Cycle (E)
    • 142.Linked List Cycle II (M)
    • 148.Sort List (M)
    • 86.Partition List (M)
    • 83.Remove Duplicates from Sorted List(E)
    • 82.Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II (M)
    • 206.Reverse Linked List (E)
    • 92.Reverse Linked List II (M)
    • 143.Reorder List (M)
    • 19.Remove Nth Node From End of List (E)
    • 170.Rotate List
    • 🤔25.Reverse Nodes in k-Group (H)
    • 452.Remove Linked List Elements
    • 167.Add Two Numbers
    • 221.Add Two Numbers II
    • 876. Middle of the Linked List (E)
    • 160. Intersection of Two Linked Lists (E)
    • 234. Palindrome Linked List (E)
    • 2130. Maximum Twin Sum of a Linked List (M)
  • 6.Array
    • Summary
      • 前缀和思路PrefixSum
      • 差分数组 Difference Array
      • 双指针Two Pointers
      • 滑动窗口算法算法
      • Sliding windows II
      • 二分搜索Binary Search
      • 排序算法
      • 快速选择算法
    • 604.Window Sum
    • 138.Subarray Sum
    • 41.Maximum Subarray
    • 42.Maximum Subarray II
    • 43.Maximum Subarray III
    • 620.Maximum Subarray IV
    • 621.Maximum Subarray V
    • 6.Merge Two Sorted Arrays
    • 88.Merge Sorted Array
    • 547.Intersection of Two Arrays
    • 548.Intersection of Two Arrays II
    • 139.Subarray Sum Closest
    • 65.Median of two Sorted Arrays
    • 636.132 Pattern
    • 402.Continuous Subarray Sum
    • 303. Range Sum Query - Immutable (E)
    • 304.Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable (M)
    • 560. Subarray Sum Equals K (M)
    • 370. Range Addition(M)
    • 1109. Corporate Flight Bookings(M)
    • 1094. Car Pooling (M)
    • 76. Minimum Window Substring(H)
    • 567. Permutation in String (M)
    • 438. Find All Anagrams in a String(M)
    • 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters (M)
    • 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) (M)
    • 710. Random Pick with Blacklist (H)
    • 528. Random Pick with Weight (M)
    • 26. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array (E)
    • 27. Remove Element (E)
    • 283. Move Zeroes (E)
    • 659. Split Array into Consecutive Subsequences (M)
    • 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays (H)
    • 48. Rotate Image (M)
    • 54. Spiral Matrix (M)
    • 59. Spiral Matrix II (M)
    • 918. Maximum Sum Circular Subarray
    • 128. Longest Consecutive Sequence (M)
    • 238. Product of Array Except Self (M)
    • 1438. Longest Continuous Subarray With Absolute Diff Less Than or Equal to Limit (M)
    • 1151. Minimum Swaps to Group All 1's Together (M)
    • 2134. Minimum Swaps to Group All 1's Together II
    • 2133. Check if Every Row and Column Contains All Numbers
    • 632. Smallest Range Covering Elements from K Lists (H)
    • 36. Valid Sudoku (M)
    • 383. Ransom Note
    • 228. Summary Ranges
  • 7.Two pointers
    • Summary
      • Two Sum
      • 2Sum 3Sum 4Sum 问题
    • 1.Two Sum I
    • 170.Two Sum III - Data structure design
    • 167.Two Sum II- Input array is sorted
    • 609.Two Sum - Less than or equal to target
    • 610.Two Sum - Difference equals to targe
    • 587.Two Sum - Unique pairs
    • 533.Two Sum - Closest to target
    • 443.Two Sum - Greater than target
    • 653. Two Sum IV - Input is a BST (M)
    • 57.3Sum
    • 59.3Sum Closest
    • 58.4Sum
    • 148.Sort Colors
    • 143.Sort Colors II
    • 31.Partition Array
    • 625.Partition Array II
    • 382.Triangle Count
      • 611. Valid Triangle Number
    • 521.Remove Duplicate Numbers in Array
    • 167. Two Sum II - Input Array Is Sorted (E)
    • 870. Advantage Shuffle (M)
    • 9. Palindrome Number (E)
    • 125. Valid Palindrome(E)
    • 5. Longest Palindromic Substring (M)
    • 42. Trapping Rain Water
    • 11. Container With Most Water (M)
    • 658. Find K Closest Elements (M)
    • 392. Is Subsequence
  • 8.Data Structure
    • Summary
      • 数据结构的存储方式
      • 单调栈
      • 单调队列
      • 二叉堆 Binary Heap
      • TreeMap
      • TreeSet
      • 🌟Trie
      • Trie Application
    • 155. Min Stack (E)
    • 716. Max Stack (E)
    • 1648. Sell Diminishing-Valued Colored Balls
    • 232. Implement Queue using Stacks (E)
    • 225. Implement Stack using Queues(E)
    • 84.Largest Rectangle in Histogram
    • 128.Hash Function
    • Max Tree
    • 544.Top k Largest Numbers
    • 545.Top k Largest Numbers II
    • 613.High Five
    • 606.Kth Largest Element II
    • 5.Kth Largest Element
    • 129.Rehashing
    • 4.Ugly Number II
    • 517.Ugly Number
    • 28. Implement strStr()
    • 594.strStr II
    • 146.LRU Cache
    • 460.LFU Cache
    • 486.Merge k Sorted Arrays
    • 130.Heapify
    • 215. Kth Largest Element in an Array (M)
    • 612.K Closest Points
    • 692. Top K Frequent Words
    • 347.Top K Frequent Elements
    • 601.Flatten 2D Vector
    • 540.Zigzag Iterator
    • 541.Zigzag Iterator II
    • 423.Valid Parentheses
    • 488.Happy Number
    • 547.Intersection of Two Arrays
    • 548.Intersection of Two Arrays II
    • 627.Longest Palindrome
    • 638.Strings Homomorphism
    • 138.Subarray Sum
    • 647.Substring Anagrams
    • 171.Anagrams
    • 739. Daily Temperatures(M)
    • 496. Next Greater Element I (E)
    • 503. Next Greater Element II(M)
    • 316. Remove Duplicate Letters(M) & 1081. Smallest Subsequence of Distinct Characters
    • 239. Sliding Window Maximum (H)
    • 355. Design Twitter (M)
    • 895. Maximum Frequency Stack (H)
    • 20. Valid Parentheses (E)
    • 921. Minimum Add to Make Parentheses Valid (M)
    • 1541. Minimum Insertions to Balance a Parentheses String (M)
    • 32. Longest Valid Parentheses (H)
    • Basic Calculator (*)
      • 224. Basic Calculator
      • 227. Basic Calculator II (M)
    • 844. Backspace String Compare
    • 295. Find Median from Data Stream
    • 208. Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)
    • 461.Kth Smallest Numbers in Unsorted Array
    • 1152.Analyze user website visit pattern
    • 811. Subdomain Visit Count (M)
    • 71. Simplify Path (M)
    • 362. Design Hit Counter
  • 9.Dynamic Programming
    • Summary
      • 最优子结构 Optimal Sustructure
      • 子序列解题模板
      • 空间压缩
      • 背包问题
        • Untitled
      • 股票买卖问题
      • KMP
    • 109.Triangle
    • 110.Minimum Path Sum
    • 114.Unique Paths
    • 115.Unique Paths II
    • 70.Climbing Stairs
    • 272.Climbing StairsII
    • 116.Jump Game
    • 117.Jump Game II
    • 322.Coin Change
    • 518. Coin Change 2 ()
    • Backpack I~VI
      • LintCode 563.Backpack V (M)
    • Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock(*)
      • 121. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
      • 122. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II (M)
      • 123. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III (H)
      • 188. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV (H)
      • 309. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Cooldown (M)
      • 714. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Transaction Fee (M)
    • 394.Coins in a line
    • 395.Coins in a Line II
    • 509. Fibonacci Number (E)
    • 931. Minimum Falling Path Sum (M)
    • 494. Target Sum (M)
    • 72. Edit Distance (H)
    • 300.Longest Increasing Subsequence
    • 1143. Longest Common Subsequence (M)
    • 718. Maximum Length of Repeated Subarray
    • 583. Delete Operation for Two Strings (M)
    • 712. Minimum ASCII Delete Sum for Two Strings(M)
    • 53. Maximum Subarray (E)
    • 516. Longest Palindromic Subsequence (M)
    • 1312. Minimum Insertion Steps to Make a String Palindrome (H)
    • 416. Partition Equal Subset Sum (M)
    • 64. Minimum Path Sum(M)
    • 651. 4 Keys Keyboards (M)
    • House Robber (*)
      • 198. House Robber (M)
      • 213. House Robbber II
      • 337. House Robber III (M)
    • Word Break (*)
      • 139.Word Break (M)
    • 140. Word Break II (H)
    • 828. Count Unique Characters of All Substrings of a Given String (H)
    • 174. Dungeon Game (H)
    • 1567. Maximum Length of Subarray With Positive Product (M)
  • 10. Graph
    • Introduction
      • 有向图的环检测
      • 拓扑排序
      • 二分图判定
      • Union-Find
      • 最小生成树(Minimum Spanning Tree)算法
        • KRUSKAL 最小生成树算法
        • Prim 最小生成树算法
      • Dijkstra 最短路径算法
      • BFS vs DFS
    • 797. All Paths From Source to Target (M)
    • 785. Is Graph Bipartite? (M)
    • 886. Possible Bipartition (M)
    • 130. Surrounded Regions (M)
    • 990. Satisfiability of Equality Equations (M)
    • 721. Accounts Merge (M)
    • 323. Number of Connected Components in an Undirected Graph (M)
    • 261. Graph Valid Tree
    • 1135. Connecting Cities With Minimum Cost
    • 1584. Min Cost to Connect All Points (M)
    • 277. Find the Celebrity (M)
    • 743. Network Delay Time (M)
    • 1631. Path With Minimum Effort (M)
    • 1514. Path with Maximum Probability (M)
    • 589.Connecting Graph
    • 🌟787. Cheapest Flights Within K Stops (M)
    • 2050. Parallel Courses III (H)
    • 1293. Shortest Path in a Grid with Obstacles Elimination (H)
    • 864. Shortest Path to Get All Keys (H)
    • 269. Alien Dictionary (H)
    • 1192. Critical Connections in a Network (H)
    • 529. Minesweeper (M)
  • 11.Math
    • Page 1
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  1. 9.Dynamic Programming

1143. Longest Common Subsequence (M)

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-subsequence/

Given two strings text1 and text2, return the length of their longest common subsequence. If there is no common subsequence, return 0.

A subsequence of a string is a new string generated from the original string with some characters (can be none) deleted without changing the relative order of the remaining characters.

  • For example, "ace" is a subsequence of "abcde".

A common subsequence of two strings is a subsequence that is common to both strings.

Example 1:

Input: text1 = "abcde", text2 = "ace" 
Output: 3  
Explanation: The longest common subsequence is "ace" and its length is 3.

Example 2:

Input: text1 = "abc", text2 = "abc"
Output: 3
Explanation: The longest common subsequence is "abc" and its length is 3.

Example 3:

Input: text1 = "abc", text2 = "def"
Output: 0
Explanation: There is no such common subsequence, so the result is 0.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= text1.length, text2.length <= 1000

  • text1 and text2 consist of only lowercase English characters.

Solution:

如果没有做过这道题,一个最简单的暴力算法就是,把s1和s2的所有子序列都穷举出来,然后看看有没有公共的,然后在所有公共子序列里面再寻找一个长度最大的。

显然,这种思路的复杂度非常高,你要穷举出所有子序列,这个复杂度就是指数级的,肯定不实际。

正确的思路是不要考虑整个字符串,而是细化到s1和s2的每个字符。前文 子序列解题模板 中总结的一个规律:

对于两个字符串求子序列的问题,都是用两个指针i和j分别在两个字符串上移动,大概率是动态规划思路。

最长公共子序列的问题也可以遵循这个规律,我们可以先写一个dp函数:

// 定义:计算 s1[i..] 和 s2[j..] 的最长公共子序列长度
int dp(String s1, int i, String s2, int j)

这个dp函数的定义是:dp(s1, i, s2, j)计算s1[i..]和s2[j..]的最长公共子序列长度。

根据这个定义,那么我们想要的答案就是dp(s1, 0, s2, 0),且 base case 就是i == len(s1)或j == len(s2)时,因为这时候s1[i..]或s2[j..]就相当于空串了,最长公共子序列的长度显然是 0:

int longestCommonSubsequence(String s1, String s2) {
    return dp(s1, 0, s2, 0);
}

/* 主函数 */
int dp(String s1, int i, String s2, int j) {
    // base case
    if (i == s1.length() || j == s2.length()) {
        return 0;
    }
    // ...

接下来,咱不要看s1和s2两个字符串,而是要具体到每一个字符,思考每个字符该做什么。

我们只看s1[i]和s2[j],如果s1[i] == s2[j],说明这个字符一定在lcs中:

这样,就找到了一个lcs中的字符,根据dp函数的定义,我们可以完善一下代码:

// 定义:计算 s1[i..] 和 s2[j..] 的最长公共子序列长度
int dp(String s1, int i, String s2, int j) {
    if (s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j)) {
        // s1[i] 和 s2[j] 必然在 lcs 中,
        // 加上 s1[i+1..] 和 s2[j+1..] 中的 lcs 长度,就是答案
        return 1 + dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j + 1)
    } else {
        // ...
    }
}

刚才说的s1[i] == s2[j]的情况,但如果s1[i] != s2[j],应该怎么办呢?

s1[i] != s2[j]意味着,s1[i]和s2[j]中至少有一个字符不在lcs中:

如上图,总共可能有三种情况,我怎么知道具体是那种情况呢?

其实我们也不知道,那就把这三种情况的答案都算出来,取其中结果最大的那个呗,因为题目让我们算「最长」公共子序列的长度嘛。

这三种情况的答案怎么算?回想一下我们的dp函数定义,不就是专门为了计算它们而设计的嘛!

代码可以再进一步:

// 定义:计算 s1[i..] 和 s2[j..] 的最长公共子序列长度
int dp(String s1, int i, String s2, int j) {
    if (s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j)) {
        return 1 + dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j + 1)
    } else {
        // s1[i] 和 s2[j] 中至少有一个字符不在 lcs 中,
        // 穷举三种情况的结果,取其中的最大结果
        return max(
            // 情况一、s1[i] 不在 lcs 中
            dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j),
            // 情况二、s2[j] 不在 lcs 中
            dp(s1, i, s2, j + 1),
            // 情况三、都不在 lcs 中
            dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j + 1)
        );
    }
}

这里就已经非常接近我们的最终答案了,还有一个小的优化,情况三「s1[i]和s2[j]都不在 lcs 中」其实可以直接忽略。

因为我们在求最大值嘛,情况三在计算s1[i+1..]和s2[j+1..]的lcs长度,这个长度肯定是小于等于情况二s1[i..]和s2[j+1..]中的lcs长度的,因为s1[i+1..]比s1[i..]短嘛,那从这里面算出的lcs当然也不可能更长嘛。

同理,情况三的结果肯定也小于等于情况一。说白了,情况三被情况一和情况二包含了,所以我们可以直接忽略掉情况三,完整代码如下:

// 备忘录,消除重叠子问题
int[][] memo;

/* 主函数 */
int longestCommonSubsequence(String s1, String s2) {
    int m = s1.length(), n = s2.length();
    // 备忘录值为 -1 代表未曾计算
    memo = new int[m][n];
    for (int[] row : memo) 
        Arrays.fill(row, -1);
    // 计算 s1[0..] 和 s2[0..] 的 lcs 长度
    return dp(s1, 0, s2, 0);
}

// 定义:计算 s1[i..] 和 s2[j..] 的最长公共子序列长度
int dp(String s1, int i, String s2, int j) {
    // base case
    if (i == s1.length() || j == s2.length()) {
        return 0;
    }
    // 如果之前计算过,则直接返回备忘录中的答案
    if (memo[i][j] != -1) {
        return memo[i][j];
    }
    // 根据 s1[i] 和 s2[j] 的情况做选择
    if (s1.charAt(i) == s2.charAt(j)) {
        // s1[i] 和 s2[j] 必然在 lcs 中
        memo[i][j] = 1 + dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j + 1);
    } else {
        // s1[i] 和 s2[j] 至少有一个不在 lcs 中
        memo[i][j] = Math.max(
            dp(s1, i + 1, s2, j),
            dp(s1, i, s2, j + 1)
        );
    }
    return memo[i][j];
}

以上思路完全就是按照我们之前的爆文 动态规划套路框架 来的,应该是很容易理解的。至于为什么要加memo备忘录,我们之前写过很多次,为了照顾新来的读者,这里再简单重复一下,首先抽象出我们核心dp函数的递归框架:

int dp(int i, int j) 
{    
    dp(i + 1, j + 1); // #1    
    dp(i, j + 1);     // #2    
    dp(i + 1, j);     // #3
}

你看,假设我想从dp(i, j)转移到dp(i+1, j+1),有不止一种方式,可以直接走#1,也可以走#2 -> #3,也可以走#3 -> #2。

这就是重叠子问题,如果我们不用memo备忘录消除子问题,那么dp(i+1, j+1)就会被多次计算,这是没有必要的。

至此,最长公共子序列问题就完全解决了,用的是自顶向下带备忘录的动态规划思路,我们当然也可以使用自底向上的迭代的动态规划思路,和我们的递归思路一样,关键是如何定义dp数组,我这里也写一下自底向上的解法吧:

int longestCommonSubsequence(String s1, String s2) {
    int m = s1.length(), n = s2.length();
    int[][] dp = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
    // 定义:s1[0..i-1] 和 s2[0..j-1] 的 lcs 长度为 dp[i][j]
    // 目标:s1[0..m-1] 和 s2[0..n-1] 的 lcs 长度,即 dp[m][n]
    // base case: dp[0][..] = dp[..][0] = 0

    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            // 现在 i 和 j 从 1 开始,所以要减一
            if (s1.charAt(i - 1) == s2.charAt(j - 1)) {
                // s1[i-1] 和 s2[j-1] 必然在 lcs 中
                dp[i][j] = 1 + dp[i - 1][j - 1];
            } else {
                // s1[i-1] 和 s2[j-1] 至少有一个不在 lcs 中
                dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]);
            }
        }
    }

    return dp[m][n];
}

自底向上的解法中dp数组定义的方式和我们的递归解法有一点差异,而且由于数组索引从 0 开始,有索引偏移,不过思路和我们的递归解法完全相同,如果你看懂了递归解法,这个解法应该不难理解。

另外,自底向上的解法可以通过我们前文讲过的 动态规划状态压缩技巧 来进行优化,把空间复杂度压缩为 O(N),这里由于篇幅所限,就不展开了

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